Ulcerative colitis is a form of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that causes long-term inflammation and ulcers in the innermost lining of the colon and rectum. This chronic condition can lead to symptoms such as abdominal pain, persistent diarrhea, rectal bleeding, and fatigue. Over time, it may significantly affect a person’s quality of life and requires ongoing medical management and monitoring.
Causes of Ulcerative Colitis
The exact cause of ulcerative colitis remains unknown, but researchers believe it involves a combination of environmental factors, genetics, and immune system dysfunction. Some theories suggest abnormal immune reactions in response to bacteria and viruses in the gut may trigger inflammation.
Symptoms of Ulcerative Colitis
Common symptoms of ulcerative colitis include abdominal pain, diarrhea with blood or pus, rectal pain and bleeding, weight loss, fatigue, and fever. Symptoms can vary significantly depending on the severity of the disease.
Diagnosis
The diagnosis typically involves a combination of medical history review, physical examination, blood tests, stool samples, colonoscopy, and biopsies taken from the colon's lining to detect inflammation and confirm the condition.
Treatment Options for Ulcerative Colitis
While there is currently no known cure for ulcerative colitis, the disease can often be managed effectively through medication, changes in diet, and sometimes surgical interventions. Treatment goals focus on reducing inflammation, maintaining remission, and improving quality of life.
Common medications include anti-inflammatory drugs (such as aminosalicylates), corticosteroids, immunosuppressants (like azathioprine), and biologics (such as infliximab and adalimumab).
In severe cases, surgery might be necessary, typically involving removal of the colon ( colectomy ) followed by the creation of an internal pouch or external opening to eliminate waste.
Living with Ulcerative Colitis
Managing ulcerative colitis involves regular medical follow-ups, dietary adjustments, stress management techniques, and support from healthcare professionals and support groups. Patients often benefit from adopting a healthy lifestyle to minimize flare-ups and maintain general wellbeing.
Resource Links
nih.gov: Symptoms & Causes of Ulcerative Colitis
aurorahealthcare.org: Ulcerative colitis symptoms & treatment
mayoclinic.org: Signs and Symptoms of Ulcerative Colitis
crohnscolitisfoundation.org: Ulcerative Colitis Treatment Options